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Ivan Illich

Beyond Economics and Ecology

  • eadyidihhar citeretfor 8 år siden
    They did not want a handout but instead insisted on the liberty to fend for themselves.
  • eadyidihhar citeretfor 8 år siden
    The radical monopolization of vernacular life has now made it almost impossible to live without high-energy inputs, outside the cycle of work and consumption, beyond the grip of scarcity.
  • eadyidihhar citeretfor 8 år siden
    Whether they are cars or high-tech hospitals, when the quantity of commodities and services exceed a certain threshold of intensity, they exclude non-market alternatives and therefore impose what Illich called a radical monopoly.
  • eadyidihhar citeretfor 8 år siden
    Not so long ago, services and commodities swirled only around the margins of everyday life.
  • eadyidihhar citeretfor 8 år siden
    While waste and pollution caused by economic growth describe environmental degradation, Illich recommended the term “disvalue” to name the denigration and destruction of the social environments necessary to propel that growth.
  • eadyidihhar citeretfor 8 år siden
    Instead, the economy is better understood as a machine for the production of scarcity, whether through force, need, or envy.
  • eadyidihhar citeretfor 8 år siden
    In the guise of experts, professionals discriminate against people by imputing a lack, an inability, or a need. They then mask such discrimination by justifying it as doing a service, prompted by their care.
  • eadyidihhar citeretfor 8 år siden
    “all through history, the best measure for bad times was the percentage of food eaten that had to be purchased.” Commoning gave those who relied on it a floor against destitution.
  • eadyidihhar citeretfor 8 år siden
    Critical reconsideration becomes all the more difficult when an assumption has been left unquestioned long enough to be taken for a certainty and to even congeal into perception.
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