Stephen Hawking

time, the imaginary component does not vanish at the big bang and the theory is thus useful at the singularity. Standard quantum mechanical procedures are then used to arrive at a wave function for the Universe.
COMPLEX TIME NEAR THE BIG BANG SINGULARITY.

But what are standard quantum mechanical procedures? For that matter, what is a wave function?

HAWKING’S NEW PICTURE, A BLACK HOLE IS NOT A BOTTOMLESS PIT BUT A PHYSICAL OBJECT. A BLACK HOLE IS NOT BLACK BUT EMITS THERMAL RADIATION AT A CERTAIN DEFINITE TEMPERATURE.

EACH BLACK – HOLE LAW, IN FACT, TURNED OUT TO BE IDENTICAL TO A THERMODYNAMIC LAW, IF ONE ONLY REPLACED THE PHRASE “BLACK HOLE’ SURFACE AREA” BY “ENTROPY,” AND THE PHRASE “BLACK HOLE’ SURFACE GRAVITY” BY TEMPERATURE.
THE COINCIDENCES WERE PILING UP.

cease. This is the concept of the heat death of the Universe based on the principle of the dissipation of energy.
Another w

ermann von Helmholtz pointed out that as time elapsed all energy would eventually be transformed into heat at a uniform temperature and all natural processes would

The surface area of a black hole can only stay the same or increase, but can never decrease.
Hawking’s Law of Area Increase

He saw in a flash that the surface area of a black hole can never decrease, by considering the paths of lig

Neutron Star
(radius–16 kilometres)
If M is greater than 1.4, gravity overcomes electrons’ heroic stand and pushes them down into the nucleus. The electrons combine with protons to form neutrons. Neutron repulsion stops contraction if M is less than 3.0.
Black Hole
If M is greater than 3.0 (three times solar mass) nothing can stop the contraction. The star collapses completely and disappears from view. A black hole forms

these aggregates coalesce, gravity presses the molecules closer and closer together until they interact under high pressure causing an increase in temperature.
This process continues until the gas begins to glow and produce

The media went nuts.