The Principles of Scientific Management

ime study, with the implements and methods for properly making it.
Functional or divided foremanship and its superiority to the old-fashioned single foreman.
The standardization of all tools and implements used in the trades, and also of the acts or movements of workmen for each class of work.
The desirability of a planning room or department.
The "exception principle" in management.
The use of slide-rules and similar timesaving implements.
Instruction cards for the workman.
The task idea in management, accompanied by a large bonus for the successful performance of the task.
The "differential rate."
Mnemonic systems for classifying manufactured products as well as implements used in manufacturing.
A routing system.
Modern cost system, etc., etc.
These are, however, merely the elements or details of the mechanism of management. Scientific management, in its essence, consists of a certain philosophy, which results, as before stated, in a com

lathe parts is trifling,

differential rate piece work.*
[*Footnote: Se