Packt Publishing

Java performs automatic memory management that helps to greatly reduce the problem of memory leaks found in other languages and libraries that dynamically allocate memory.

These features include threading, networking, security, and Graphical User Interface (GUI) development

uses an independent bytecode that is architecture neutral. That is, it is designed to be machine independent. The byte codes are interpreted and executed by a Java Virtual Machine (JVM).

Object Oriented Analysis (OOA): This is concerned with determining the functionality of the system, that is, what should the application do
Object Oriented Design (OOD): This is concerned with how the architecture supports the functionality of the application
Object Oriented Programming (OOP): This is concerned with the actual implementation of the application

Data encapsulation
Inheritance
Polymorphism

Data encapsulation is also used to protect the internal state of an object. By hiding the variables that represent the state of an object, modifications to the object are controlled through the methods. Any changes to the state are verified by the code in the methods. Also, by hiding variables, sharing of information between classes is eliminated. This reduces the amount of coupling possible in an application.
Inheritance describes the relationship between two classes such that one class re-uses the capabilities of another class

The third principle is polymorphism and its primary concern is to make the application more maintainable and extendable polymorphism behavior is where the behavior of one or identical methods is dependent upon the object it

Applets are normally embedded within an HTML page and offer a means of achieving client-side execution of a code. It does not have a main method but uses a series of callback methods used by the browser to manage the application

Packages provide a means of grouping similar classes, interfaces, enumerations, and exceptions together.

import statement indicates which packages and classes are used by the class. This allows the compiler to determine whether the package's members are used correctly